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Figures in Original Article by Ervin Kocjancic - Bruno Frea - Peter Robertson - Helen O’Connell

Anatomical basis for effective placement of adjustable continence therapy (ACT®) balloons for treatment of female stress urinary incontinence.



(Fig. 1)

balloons in relation to the endopelvic fascia, the deep transverse perineal muscle and the transverse perineal ligament
Fig 1. - Image showing the balloons in relation to the endopelvic fascia, the deep transverse perineal muscle and the transverse perineal ligament, which originates from medial fibres of the deep transverse perineal muscle where they attach to the lateral urethral wall.


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(Fig. 2 )

the balloons in relation to the endopelvic fascia
Fig. 2– Image showing the balloons in relation to the endopelvic fascia, with one of the balloons having migrated ventrally so as to be now located in the fatty tissue above the endopelvic fascia, altering the critical spatial relationship between the balloon and the bladder neck.


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